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Around 300 sub-Saharan African migrants attempted to force their way across the fence at about 7am (0500 GMT) in a coordinated operation, a Spanish police spokesman said.
"Around 100 managed to enter Melilla," he told AFP.
The barrier is composed of two six-metre-high (20-feet-high) fences, with criss-crossing steel cables in between. In order to get across, migrants often use hooks and shoes studded with nails.
Three policemen were injured in clashes with the migrants, who kicked and threw rocks at the officers, Spain's interior ministry said in a statement.
One of the officers was injured in the hand by one of the hooks used by migrants and several police vehicles were damaged, it added.
Three migrants suffered bruises and small cuts in the attempt to cross the border, said a Red cross spokesman in Melilla.