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What the crowd chanted, as can be seen from the Twitter video immediately above, was: ”From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free.” The “river” refers to the Jordan River, the eastern boundary, for the most part, of Israel. The “sea” refers to the Mediterranean Sea, the western boundary, for the most part, of Israel. The longstanding chant implies the geographic erasure of Israel and its replacement with an entity called “Palestine” (a country that has never actually existed in the history of the world).